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Selasa, 10 Maret 2009

An Aspirin A Day Keeps BreastCancer Away




Yes, a new U.S. government study, published in BioMed Central's open-access journal BreastCancer Research on Wednesday, has articulated that a daily aspirin may give women modest protection against the most common type of breastcancer.The findings of the study has strengthened the findings of the earlier research indicating regular use of aspirin might reduce the risk of so-called estrogen receptor-positive breastcancer, which makes up about three quarters of breast cancer cases.Led by Gretchen Gierach of the National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, the study found that women who took aspirin daily cut their risk of developing this type of breastcancer by 16 percent. According to researchers, Estrogen receptor or ER-positive breast cancer is fueled by estrogen and aspirin may interfere with this hormone's activity.I

n a telephone interview, Gierach said, "If aspirin is truly risk-reducing, it would be a very exciting finding. Even though it's a small reduction in relative risk, since ER-positive breast cancers are the more common types, if this result is confirmed to be true it could have potentially a big public health impact.”The research studied about 127,000 women aged 51 to 72 from around the United States who were cancer-free when the study began. They found that about 18 percent of the women were daily aspirin users. They were tracked for seven years and about 4,500 of them developed breast cancer.However, the study did not find any relationship between aspirin and the less-common estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer.

It also did not find any protective effect in women who took aspirin less than daily.The study is the latest one to suggest aspirin offers benefits beyond relieving headaches and body aches and reducing fevers. Aspirin is a common anti-inflammatory painkiller that can be used to relieve symptoms of arthritis and prevent second heart attacks and other ailments.

Are You At Risk For Breast Cancer?




Each year, millions of women learn that they have developed breast cancer. Despite most commonly being found in women, breast cancer can also be diagnosed in men. That is why breast cancer is often considered one of the most common types of all diagnosable cancers. Fortunately, you if you are diagnosed as having cancer, there are a number of treatment options that may help you become cancer free. However, before that can occur, you need to be diagnosed as having breast cancer. When it comes to being diagnosed with breast cancer, a large amount of focus is placed on the signs and symptoms. While it is important to focus on the symptoms of breast cancer, they are not the only things that you should keep in mind. Although an exact cause of breast cancer has yet to be determined, there are a number of risk factors associated with the cancer. Determining whether or not any of these risk factors apply to you is one of the best ways, aside from regularly examining your body, to determine whether or not you may have breast cancer or end up developing it in the future.

You may be at a greater risk of developing breast cancer if someone else in your immediate family has also been diagnosed with having it. It has been noted that the BRCA1 gene and the BRCA2 gene have something to do with the development of breast cancer. Research is still being conducted on this; however, it is looking as if damaged cells, which may later account for breast cancer, are being passed down through family members. Therefore, if someone in your family has been diagnosed with breast cancer, there is a good chance that you may also develop it.
Your age may also increase your risk of developing breast cancer. While it is important to remember that breast cancer can occur at just about any age, there are a group of men and women who are more at risk. Those individuals are likely over the age of fifty. That is why it is recommended that all women over the age of forty undergo a yearly mammogram. Until that age, a self breast exam, performed by yourself or by a healthcare professional, should be enough. When you first started your menstrual cycle, as well as when it ended, may increase your risk of developing breast cancer. It has been noted that those who began their periods before the age of twelve are at an increased risk for developing breast cancer, later on in life. The same, in a way, can be said for menopause. Recent studies have shown that the later a woman begins menopause, the more at risk she is for developing breast cancer. Menopause should begin around the age of fifty-five.

If it starts to occur any later, you will want to be on the lookout for the signs and symptoms of breast cancer. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and birth control pills have been known to increase a woman’s risk of developing breast cancer. These risk factors are not as high as the above mentioned risk factors, but a connection between breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy, as well as birth control pills has been established. Therefore, if you are currently on birth control pills or are undergoing hormone replacement therapy, it may be a good idea to speak to a healthcare professional.

Your OBGYN or primary care physician should be more than willing to give you inside and updated information on the connection between breast cancer and these two widely used medications. In addition to hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, a family history, late menopause, early menstrual periods, and age, there are a number of other risk factors that have been connected to breast cancer. These additional risk factors include, are not limited to, radiation, and excessive alcohol consumption. Now that you know whether or not you are at an increased risk of developing breast cancer, you may be able to better prepare yourself for what you may find, now or in the future. If, at any point, you notice a lump in your breast or have unexplained breast pain, you are advised to seek medical assistance immediately. The sooner breast cancer is detected, the sooner it can be treated and gone from your life, hopefully forever.

Asbestos Related Diseases



Asbestos is used in over 3000 modern products and most people have suffered at least some degree of exposure to it at one point or another. Most asbestos exposure is limited to minute portions of well maintained building materials such as concrete, insulation and siding. Regular maintenance of these materials is important for preventing asbestos from degenerating into airborne fibers. Unfortunately, because asbestos is so widespread, it is impossible to compute the damage that even a small quantity can cause.

The lightweight nature of the asbestos particle facilitates airborne spreading of these deadly carcinogens. This is why most asbestos-related diseases affect the respiratory system. These are incurable diseases. Even tiny amounts of asbestos can inflict irreversible damage as symptoms usually only emerge 20 to 30 years down the road.

Mesothelioma, Asbestosis and lung cancer are consequences of prolonged asbestos exposure. Any contact with asbestos merits immediate medical consultation because treatment options and survival rates are greatly improved the earlier they’re detected. Unfortunately most asbestos-related conditions don’t show symptoms until the disease is terminally advanced. Most patients diagnosed with an asbestos-related condition rarely survive more than 18 months after diagnosis.

A Mesothelioma Patient's Guide to Nutrition

At some point during our childhood we have all been told to eat our vegetables. Forcing down tasteless green beans and brussels sprouts were supposed to make us taller and stronger. Well, so it is for mesothelioma patients. Diet is often an overlooked subject for cancer patients, but eating the right nutritional foods for strength and energy is just as important as taking the proper medication.

Mesothelioma patients undergoing treatment must follow a special cancer diet devised by their nutritionists. Cancer diets involve eating the correct amounts of protein and calories as well as drinking the right amount of water to keep the ailing body replenished and energized. The body needs plenty of nourishment when it is going through chemotherapy or even when the patient is taking certain medications.

Doctors and nutritionists may also recommend a special cancer diet because many mesothelioma patients tend to lose their appetites due to worry over their condition. Also, those who are undergoing treatment may choose not to eat because of the unpleasant side effects they may experience. Chemotherapy, for example, and even some particular medications may cause an imbalance of nutrients that must be corrected in order to keep the body as strong as possible and to keep the patient from losing an excessive amount of weight. Other side effects of mesothelioma treatment include nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, a change in the sense of smell or taste, and/or constipation.

Below are some of the important nutrients patients are encouraged to include in their

mesothelioma diet:

Protein is important for any cancer patient because it helps repair tissue damaged by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Protein also helps maintain a strong and healthy immune system, lowering a mesothelioma patient’s risk of infection after aggressive cancer treatments. The National Cancer Institute recommends increasing protein in a cancer diet with cheese, milk, ice cream, yoghurt, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, meats and fish.

Fats are an essential part of the cancer diet because they supply the body with the necessary energy it needs while undergoing treatment. The amount of fats (meaning the number of calories) a cancer diet should consist of is dependent on a mesothelioma patient’s age and body size. The National Cancer Institute recommends increasing caloric intake with such foods as butter, milk, cheese, honey, sugar, granola and dried fruits.

Water is another essential element of the cancer diet. Without a substantial amount of water, the body will dehydrate. It is important that anyone undergoing cancer treatment receive enough water to keep their bodies hydrated and replenished.

The details of every patient’s mesothelioma diet will vary. Some patients will need to incorporate more fat into their diets, while others may need more protein. It is important that patients devise a cancer diet under the guidance of their doctor and nutritionist to ensure that they receive the proper amount of nutrients to improve their quality of life.

Mesothelioma: Questions and Answers

  1. What is the mesothelium?
  2. The mesothelium is a membrane that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body. It is composed of two layers of cells: One layer immediately surrounds the organ; the other forms a sac around it. The mesothelium produces a lubricating fluid that is released between these layers, allowing moving organs (such as the beating heart and the expanding and contracting lungs) to glide easily against adjacent structures.

    The mesothelium has different names, depending on its location in the body. The peritoneum is the mesothelial tissue that covers most of the organs in the abdominal cavity. The pleura is the membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the wall of the chest cavity. The pericardium covers and protects the heart. The mesothelial tissue surrounding the male internal reproductive organs is called the tunica vaginalis testis. The tunica serosa uteri covers the internal reproductive organs in women.

  3. What is mesothelioma?
  4. Mesothelioma (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum.

  5. How common is mesothelioma?
  6. Although reported incidence rates have increased in the past 20 years, mesothelioma is still a relatively rare cancer. About 2,000 new cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Mesothelioma occurs more often in men than in women and risk increases with age, but this disease can appear in either men or women at any age.

  7. What are the risk factors for mesothelioma?
  8. Working with asbestos is the major risk factor for mesothelioma. A history of asbestos exposure at work is reported in about 70 percent to 80 percent of all cases. However, mesothelioma has been reported in some individuals without any known exposure to asbestos.

    Asbestos is the name of a group of minerals that occur naturally as masses of strong, flexible fibers that can be separated into thin threads and woven. Asbestos has been widely used in many industrial products, including cement, brake linings, roof shingles, flooring products, textiles, and insulation. If tiny asbestos particles float in the air, especially during the manufacturing process, they may be inhaled or swallowed, and can cause serious health problems. In addition to mesothelioma, exposure to asbestos increases the risk of lung cancer, asbestosis (a noncancerous, chronic lung ailment), and other cancers, such as those of the larynx and kidney.

    Smoking does not appear to increase the risk of mesothelioma. However, the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases a person's risk of developing cancer of the air passageways in the lung.

  9. Who is at increased risk for developing mesothelioma?
  10. Asbestos has been mined and used commercially since the late 1800s. Its use greatly increased during World War II. Since the early 1940s, millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos dust. Initially, the risks associated with asbestos exposure were not known. However, an increased risk of developing mesothelioma was later found among shipyard workers, people who work in asbestos mines and mills, producers of asbestos products, workers in the heating and construction industries, and other tradespeople. Today, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets limits for acceptable levels of asbestos exposure in the workplace. People who work with asbestos wear personal protective equipment to lower their risk of exposure.

    The risk of asbestos-related disease increases with heavier exposure to asbestos and longer exposure time. However, some individuals with only brief exposures have developed mesothelioma. On the other hand, not all workers who are heavily exposed develop asbestos-related diseases.

    There is some evidence that family members and others living with asbestos workers have an increased risk of developing mesothelioma, and possibly other asbestos-related diseases. This risk may be the result of exposure to asbestos dust brought home on the clothing and hair of asbestos workers. To reduce the chance of exposing family members to asbestos fibers, asbestos workers are usually required to shower and change their clothing before leaving the workplace.

  11. What are the symptoms of mesothelioma?
  12. Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure to asbestos. Shortness of breath and pain in the chest due to an accumulation of fluid in the pleura are often symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma include weight loss and abdominal pain and swelling due to a buildup of fluid in the abdomen. Other symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma may include bowel obstruction, blood clotting abnormalities, anemia, and fever. If the cancer has spread beyond the mesothelium to other parts of the body, symptoms may include pain, trouble swallowing, or swelling of the neck or face.

    These symptoms may be caused by mesothelioma or by other, less serious conditions. It is important to see a doctor about any of these symptoms. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis.

  13. How is mesothelioma diagnosed?
  14. Diagnosing mesothelioma is often difficult, because the symptoms are similar to those of a number of other conditions. Diagnosis begins with a review of the patient's medical history, including any history of asbestos exposure. A complete physical examination may be performed, including x-rays of the chest or abdomen and lung function tests. A CT (or CAT) scan or an MRI may also be useful. A CT scan is a series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine. In an MRI, a powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to make detailed pictures of areas inside the body. These pictures are viewed on a monitor and can also be printed.

    A biopsy is needed to confirm a diagnosis of mesothelioma. In a biopsy, a surgeon or a medical oncologist (a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating cancer) removes a sample of tissue for examination under a microscope by a pathologist. A biopsy may be done in different ways, depending on where the abnormal area is located. If the cancer is in the chest, the doctor may perform a thoracoscopy. In this procedure, the doctor makes a small cut through the chest wall and puts a thin, lighted tube called a thoracoscope into the chest between two ribs. Thoracoscopy allows the doctor to look inside the chest and obtain tissue samples. If the cancer is in the abdomen, the doctor may perform a peritoneoscopy. To obtain tissue for examination, the doctor makes a small opening in the abdomen and inserts a special instrument called a peritoneoscope into the abdominal cavity. If these procedures do not yield enough tissue, more extensive diagnostic surgery may be necessary.

    If the diagnosis is mesothelioma, the doctor will want to learn the stage (or extent) of the disease. Staging involves more tests in a careful attempt to find out whether the cancer has spread and, if so, to which parts of the body. Knowing the stage of the disease helps the doctor plan treatment.

    Mesothelioma is described as localized if the cancer is found only on the membrane surface where it originated. It is classified as advanced if it has spread beyond the original membrane surface to other parts of the body, such as the lymph nodes, lungs, chest wall, or abdominal organs.

  15. How is mesothelioma treated?
  16. Treatment for mesothelioma depends on the location of the cancer, the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and general health. Standard treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Sometimes, these treatments are combined.

    • Surgery is a common treatment for mesothelioma. The doctor may remove part of the lining of the chest or abdomen and some of the tissue around it. For cancer of the pleura (pleural mesothelioma), a lung may be removed in an operation called a pneumonectomy. Sometimes part of the diaphragm, the muscle below the lungs that helps with breathing, is also removed.
    • Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, involves the use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation therapy affects the cancer cells only in the treated area. The radiation may come from a machine (external radiation) or from putting materials that produce radiation through thin plastic tubes into the area where the cancer cells are found (internal radiation therapy).
    • Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Most drugs used to treat mesothelioma are given by injection into a vein (intravenous, or IV). Doctors are also studying the effectiveness of putting chemotherapy directly into the chest or abdomen (intracavitary chemotherapy).

    To relieve symptoms and control pain, the doctor may use a needle or a thin tube to drain fluid that has built up in the chest or abdomen. The procedure for removing fluid from the chest is called thoracentesis. Removal of fluid from the abdomen is called paracentesis. Drugs may be given through a tube in the chest to prevent more fluid from accumulating. Radiation therapy and surgery may also be helpful in relieving symptoms.

  17. Are new treatments for mesothelioma being studied?
  18. Yes. Because mesothelioma is very hard to control, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is sponsoring clinical trials (research studies with people) that are designed to find new treatments and better ways to use current treatments. Before any new treatment can be recommended for general use, doctors conduct clinical trials to find out whether the treatment is safe for patients and effective against the disease. Participation in clinical trials is an important treatment option for many patients with mesothelioma.

    People considering clinical trials may be interested in the NCI booklet Taking Part in Cancer Treatment Research Studies. This booklet describes how research studies are carried out and explains their possible benefits and risks. The booklet is available by calling the CIS, or from the NCI Publications Locator Web site at


Mesothelioma - Is Cancer Hibernating in You?


Imagine a disease that lays eggs inside your lungs. These eggs do not produce discomfort or coughing, they don't cause outbreaks or rashes or anything of the sort. In fact these eggs don't do anything except sit in your lungs and germinate for 30 to 40 years. After this time you begin to have a slight cough, a fever, maybe some cold sweats. You write it off as the flu and continue as usual until it goes away. 3 weeks later the flu is back but this time you're coughing up blood. You visit your doctor and hope he can prescribe something to kick this crazy flu. Your doctor runs a few tests and sends you home.

A week later your brought into his office and he lays the devastating news on you...you have Mesothelioma a cancer of the lungs.This is the reality for roughly 2000 men and women residing here in the United States every year. These are people who often time have lead healthy lives. In the article, "Mesothelioma Victims - Survival Stories" Kathleen writes:"At 42, I never thought that I would be facing a terminal illness, especially one relating to the lungs. I've never smoked and have lead a relatively healthy life. I have two beautiful daughters who will be heading to college soon - and I may not be alive to see their graduation."The primary cause of mesothelioma cancer is linked to exposure to asbestos fibers which are breathed into the lungs or swallowed. Asbestos is a material that was used heavily for many years in hundreds of products. Asbestos was primarily used due to the fact that it is strong, resists fire and corrosion, and has very effective properties for insulation.

In modern day, asbestos has many uses such as thermal pipe and boiler insulation, floor coverings, ceiling tiles, spray-applied fire proofing and sound proofing, roofing materials and "transite" pipe and sheeting. Though major public use was discontinued in the late 70s, asbestos continues to be a material used in countries outside of the U.S., and due to the fact that we trade for many of these countries goods it is necessary that we educate ourselves as to the materials used in production of the products and items we use daily.Many more cases of mesothelioma, due to asbestos exposure, are beginning to surface today. First, because our understanding and ability to recognize the disease has increased by leaps and bounds over the years, and second, because this particular cancer lays dormant within the carriers system for 30 to 40 years. With the widespread use of asbestos during the 20th century we are starting to see the consequences of exposure to this toxic material.Due to the fact that asbestos was in heavy concentration in the industrial and building trades during the mid 1900s, most carriers of mesothelioma cancer are men who where working around asbestos during that time. However, mesothelioma has been reported not only in cases of direct exposure, but also indirect, such as the families of these men, as they often returned home with asbestos fibers on their clothing. Even in today's day and age where asbestos has been all but removed from our lives, it is still possible to be diagnosed with mesothelioma as cases of this cancer have been diagnosed without the presence of asbestos exposure.It is also important to note that smokers who have been exposed to asbestos carry a far greater risk of mesothelioma. Some figures suggest as much as 3 times the percentage of a non-smoker with the same level of exposure. If you feel that you have been exposed to asbestos set an appointment with your physician to go over your chances of mesothelioma developing. The best thing a mesothelioma patient can do is to detect the presence of this disease early on, as it will increase your chances considerably.To find out the symptoms of mesothelioma and get more information about this deadly form of respiratory cancer visit:

Asbestos Related Diseases

Asbestos is used in over 3000 modern products and most people have suffered at least some degree of exposure to it at one point or another. Most asbestos exposure is limited to minute portions of well maintained building materials such as concrete, insulation and siding. Regular maintenance of these materials is important for preventing asbestos from degenerating into airborne fibers. Unfortunately, because asbestos is so widespread, it is impossible to compute the damage that even a small quantity can cause.

The lightweight nature of the asbestos particle facilitates airborne spreading of these deadly carcinogens. This is why most asbestos-related diseases affect the respiratory system. These are incurable diseases. Even tiny amounts of asbestos can inflict irreversible damage as symptoms usually only emerge 20 to 30 years down the road.

Mesothelioma, Asbestosis and lung cancer are consequences of prolonged asbestos exposure. Any contact with asbestos merits immediate medical consultation because treatment options and survival rates are greatly improved the earlier they’re detected. Unfortunately most asbestos-related conditions don’t show symptoms until the disease is terminally advanced. Most patients diagnosed with an asbestos-related condition rarely survive more than 18 months after diagnosis.

Just How Dangerous is Asbestos?


With the increase in the number of lung cancer cases in recent years, it is vitally important to educate ourselves on the risks and consequences of asbestos exposure which accounts for over 80% of all mesothelioma cancer cases; a form of cancer, caused by asbestos exposure, that can affect the lungs (Pleural form), abdomen (Peritoneal form), and even the membrane around the heart.. A hefty 2000 new cases are being diagnosed every year according to the National Cancer Institute, and that number is on the rise. This leaves the question to be asked...

Just how dangerous is asbestos exposure?'

Significant exposure to any type of asbestos will increase the risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma and nonmalignant lung and pleural disorders, including asbestosis, pleural plaques, pleural thickening, and pleural effusions. This is based on observations of these diseases in groups of workers with cumulative exposures ranging from about 5 to 1,200 fiber-year/mL. The conclusion is supported by results from animal and mechanistic studies.

Asbestos Facts:

1. When asbestos fibers are inhaled, most fibers are expelled, but some can become lodged in the lungs and remain there throughout life. Fibers can accumulate and cause scarring and inflammation. Enough scarring and inflammation can affect breathing, leading to disease.

2. People are more likely to experience asbestos-related disorders when they are exposed to high concentrations of asbestos, are exposed for longer periods of time, and/or are exposed more often.

3. Inhaling longer, more durable asbestos fibers (such as tremolite and other amphiboles) contributes to the severity of asbestos-related disorders.

4. Exposure to asbestos, including tremolite, can increase the likelihood of lung cancer, mesothelioma, and non-malignant lung conditions such as asbestosis (restricted use of the lungs due to retained asbestos fibers) and changes in the lung lining.

5. Changes in the lining of the lungs (pleura) such as thickening, plaques, calcification, and fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion) may be early signs of asbestos exposure. These changes can affect breathing more than previously thought. Pleural effusion can be an early warning sign for mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of the lungs).

7. Most cases of mesothelioma are diagnosed 30 years or more after the first exposure to asbestos.

8. Mesothelioma has been diagnosed in asbestos workers, family members, and residents who live close to asbestos mines.

9. Health effects from asbestos exposure may continue to progress even after exposure is stopped.

10. Smoking or cigarette smoke, together with exposure to asbestos, greatly increases the likelihood of lung cancer.

Shortness of breath which is the primary symptom A persistent and productive cough (a cough that expels mucus) Chest tightness Chest pain Loss of appetite A dry, crackling sound in the lungs while inhaling.If you suspect that you have been exposed to asbestos, speak with your physician immediately and discuss your level of exposure. Early detection of mesothelioma increases your chances immeasurably.You can get more information about mesothelioma and find helpful information and resources here: http://rarereviews.com/mesothelioma-cancer

cancer diet feasting on four food

Mesothelioma patients undergoing treatment must follow a special cancer diet devised by their nutritionists. Cancer diets involve eating the correct amounts of protein and calories as well as drinking the right amount of water to keep the ailing body replenished and energized. The body needs plenty of nourishment when it is going through chemotherapy or even when the patient is taking certain medications.
Doctors and nutritionists may also recommend a special cancer diet because many mesothelioma patients tend to lose their appetites due to worry over their condition. Also, those who are undergoing treatment may choose not to eat because of the unpleasant side effects they may experience. Chemotherapy, for example, and even some particular medications may cause an imbalance of nutrients that must be corrected in order to keep the body as strong as possible and to keep the patient from losing an excessive amount of weight. Other side effects of mesothelioma treatment include nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, a change in the sense of smell or taste, and/or constipation.
Below are some of the important nutrients patients are encouraged to include in their mesothelioma diet:
Protein is important for any cancer patient because it helps repair tissue damaged by surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. Protein also helps maintain a strong and healthy immune system, lowering a mesothelioma patient’s risk of infection after aggressive cancer treatments. The National Cancer Institute recommends increasing protein in a cancer diet with cheese, milk, ice cream, yoghurt, eggs, nuts, peanut butter, meats and fish.
Fats are an essential part of the cancer diet because they supply the body with the necessary energy it needs while undergoing treatment. The amount of fats (meaning the number of calories) a cancer diet should consist of is dependent on a mesothelioma patient’s age and body size. The National Cancer Institute recommends increasing caloric intake with such foods as butter, milk, cheese, honey, sugar, granola and dried fruits.
Water is another essential element of the cancer diet. Without a substantial amount of water, the body will dehydrate. It is important that anyone undergoing cancer treatment receive enough water to keep their bodies hydrated and replenished.
The details of every patient’s mesothelioma diet will vary. Some patients will need to incorporate more fat into their diets, while others may need more protein. It is important that patients devise a cancer diet under the guidance of their doctor and nutritionist to ensure that they receive the proper amount of nutrients to improve their quality of life.
At some point during our childhood we have all been told to eat our vegetables. Forcing down tasteless green beans and brussels sprouts were supposed to make us taller and stronger. Well, so it is for mesothelioma patients. Diet is often an overlooked subject for cancer patients, but eating the right nutritional foods for strength and energy is just as important as taking the proper medication.

What should you do if diagnosed with asbestos-related disease?

Asbestos is a toxic chemical substance that has been used directly or indirectly in hundreds of products across the globe. It is incorrect and inappropriate for human beings to have excessive exposure to asbestos. This might result in malignant mesothelioma -– a rare cancer that affects the lining of the lungs, abdomen or heart -– and other diseases.It is amazing to find that, asbestos has still not been entirely banned in the United States, and Americans continue to risk exposure to this dangerous fiber.


If you feel that you have been exhibiting symptoms of mesothelioma (like shortness of breath, pain in the chest or back region, swelling in the abdomen, difficulty swallowing, cough, fever, sweating, fatigue, and weight loss.), it is important for you to consult your doctor immediately. There are various methods that are available for treating the victims of mesothelioma.

They are either direct methods or alternative methods. Some of the direct methods are Surgery-both Aggressive and Pallative, Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy etc. Immunoagumentive Therapy (IAT), Gene Therapy, Intraoperative Photodynamic Therapy (IPT) etc. are some of the commonly practiced alternative methods.

Also one can take the help of Support Groups, which are available to help sufferers deal with the challenges that they are facing. A recent publication says that over 20% of Americans have participated in some type of self-help group. There are mainly two types of support groups that are available namely- online support groups and community centred support groups.

If you have already been diagnosed with mesothelioma it is important for you to have a positive frame of mind and keep yourself well informed about the latest medical developments that has taken place pertaining to this field. Also as a victim of the Asbestos industry you can have certain legal and social claims. The following propositions can be considered if you are a victim of Mesothelioma caused due to negligent asbestos exposure.

1. Legal Aid and Financial CompensationPeople who contract the disease must be absolutely sure that the cause for the same was asbestos exposure and then take steps to get the right legal counsel. Once the legal counsel has been retained the law will ensure that he or she gets the compensation for employers negligence if any.

2. Claim from the Asbestos IndustryMesothelioma victims have the option to claim large monetary compensation from the asbestos industry. These claims can go into the millions of dollars depending on the rights and cause of the claims. A Law firm that specializes in mesothelioma cases ensures that the families of victims gets ample compensation.

3. Claim Social Security DisabilityVictims can claim social security disability after getting advice from an attorney that specializes in these cases.

4. Disability InsuranceYou are legally entailed to claim disability insurance if you have disability insurance either privately procured, within your life insurance policy or through your employer.

5.Worker's CompensationIt is one of the core responsibilities of an employer to take care of its employees. Thus, even while the victim takes legal action against the asbestos industry he or she can simultaneously claim workers compensation for being 'disabled' during work. A lawyer who has experience in the asbestos industry should handle this sort of claim.

6. Health InsuranceA victim of mesothelioma can incur huge medical bills due to the expensive nature of treatment that’s required for the treatment of this disease. If a victim is admitted to the hospital he or she should talk to the Discharge Planner or other personnel who can help with hospice and hospital coverage. Laws cover medial treatments and action can be taken health insurance company if they fail to provide proper coverage. Again it is imperative to ensure that the victim employs a proper legal representative.

Mesothelioma


What Exactly Is ? Mesothelioma the medical name for cancer of the lung or the abdomen lining, and is usually caused by exposure to asbestos. Asbestos is a type of building material used in thermal insulation products and ceiling tiles. Asbestos usage peaked during the 1950s - 1970s, but during the late 1960s, concerns over the health consequences of asbestos exposure began to arise, thereby decreasing the amount of asbestos manufactured over the following two decades. But even though new measures where brought in to get rid of it, many schools and public buildings still contain asbestos.Small asbestos fibers that enter the air do not evaporate and can remain suspended in the air for a long time.

These fibers, when breathed into the body, are toxic. The people most at risk are :-People working in factories that manufacture asbestos are likely to have a high exposure to asbestos and are most at risk of developing asbestosis or mesothelioma.Family members of workers exposed to asbestos in the workplace are susceptible to exposure from asbestos dust brought home by the worker on his clothes or skin.

Those who live in the vicinity of an asbestos manufacturing plant are also at risk. Symptoms of mesothelioma may not appear until between twenty and fifty years after exposure, which explains why so many new cases of this form of cancer are coming to light now. Many people who haven't been in contact with asbestos fordecades, are now showing symptoms of this dreadful desease. As with many forms of cancer, mesothelioma can spread rapidly.

Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, loss of weight, and chest pains. If it is diagnosed early enough, the tumor can be surgically removed, and with chemotherapy and radiation treatment, a full recovery is often possible.However, in more advanced cases, cure is usually not possible. In such cases, chemotherapy and radiation treatment can be used alongside other pain relief treatments, to ease the symptoms.

Where cure is not possible, the average survival time is between four and eighteen months, depending on the stage of the tumor and the general health of the patient.I was prompted to write about mesothelioma because as a child I lived near a factory which produced asbestos, and I personally know families who have suffered due to this terrible desease.

10 Steps for Quitting Smoking



Review of EasyQuit System - A Professional Method That Works Without Willpower

First of all, why are you smoking? Do you think you are cool, or what? No, of course you are to much addicted to nicotine that you can't stop smoking. Yes, that is the fact - you are addicted. But on the other hand, millions of people in you situation have quit smoking. Why did they succeed? Do you think they where different from you? Do you think they have more willpower than you do? No, the simple answer is, they used the best method.

Maybe you have tried quit smoking before. Maybe you have used the "cold turkey" method. Wow, I am not surprised; the "cold turkey" method is one of the worst methods to use if you aim to quit smoking. If you want to quit smoking for good you need a professional method.

Well, if you have decided to quit smoking for good, which method should you use? There are lots of methods available today, so it is up to you which method that fits you best. A method with great success rate is EasyQuit System. It is a method that works even if you don't have will power. Peter Howell composed this method several years ago and lots of people have used this method to quit smoking. Most of them have succeeded.

This method has no side effect like weight gain or strange cravings. It is a method that keeps you motivated all the way through the quit smoking process. You will not have to take any medicines, gums or use any nicotine replacement products, and you will not miss your smoking at all.

Stop Smoking

stop smokingRemember the last puff you inhaled and that packet of cigarettes which you finished…well, congratulations, it shortened your life by another eleven minutes! In spite of knowing the fact that that smoking is so badly harmful for human health, why do people smoke? Is it a symbol of charisma, machoism, or does it makes a person trendy and cool? It is time that people take a serious check on this habit and kick it out of their lives, forever. This article will help to explain some of the side effects and importance for kicking this addiction.

To begin with, most people who even think of quitting smoking need the reasons to do so and gladly try and avoid them This is also an addiction, much like cocaine, heroin and other drugs, only in a cigarette; it is tobacco that you smoke. The nicotine in the tobacco is chiefly responsible for inducing the addiction. So after the last cigarette that you smoked, slowly your cravings for more begin to increase and reach a point that you become a pack-a-day smoker. This too rises and within no time, a cigarette is something permanent between your fingers. Here are a few devastating effects that you might want to consider.

Firstly, it increases the chance of lung cancer and many other lung ailments by almost 50% and a heart attack by 40%. In fact, 90% of deaths due to lung cancer and lung diseases are attributed to smoking and in America alone, this is responsible for the death of almost 500,000 people every year. Moreover, almost $200 billion is spent on heath care for smoking related ailments. Sleep disturbances, irritability, nervous disorders, breathing problems and a whole cartload of diseases like infertility, improper digestion accompany this so called “cool” habit.

The facts on smoking are abundant and straight-forward and all of them have a common link – death. Smoking kills. Apart from this, these are plenty of reasons to quit smoking and if you want to hear more, you could start by asking the relative of a man who has died from smoking, you may want shut your ears then. Who knows, you might be the one on that death bed. Therefore, I believe that the time has come for you to quit. But then where does one begin to quit smoking?



Smoking: 21 Tips to Kick the Habit



There is no denying how damaging smoking is to the human body. In the past, people have debated on the side effects of this nasty habit. However, there is no longer any debate, and everyone is on the same page with how deadly those little cigarettes really are. Yet, despite these facts, people continue to push on in their habits rather than looking for ways to separate themselves from this habit that has taken the lives of so many and put so much pain on the lives of individuals across the world. If you are looking for a way to get smoking out of your life, this guide of 21 tips will help you along your way.

Some people may find the ten steps listed in a previous article, not simple steps but really difficult hurdles to climb. These people have a success rate of ……well! Such people usually are not successful. What is more important is that the majority of smokers wanting to quit fall into this category. But this does not mean that they cannot quit smoking. What they can do is follow a really simple, though long and time-consuming strategy consisting of minor changes in the life of that person.

I have compiled another list of short ways to tackle the problem effectively.

21 TIPS FOR QUITTING SMOKING

1. First of all, prepare yourself for the situation mentally. You could do this by thinking of other difficult hurdles that you have crossed in the past or maybe, you could think of this as a crucial challenge which must be completed. Spend a few days, only thinking about quitting. Think of death, hospitals and the difficulties ahead.

2. Finally, mark out a date on the calendar when you will begin the process. Make it seem as the most important day in your life. Do the following until D-Day.

3. Before actually beginning, read all lists like these and then prepare your own ways. Be creative and think up of logical approaches to tackle the problem.

4. Take advice from doctors and friends and other people who have quit smoking before. Tell every one you know about your decision to quit smoking. If you think of failing mid-way, fear if ridicule will keep you right.

5. Write down reasons of why you suddenly want to quit. Think of the life which will be restored and the good health you will be in. in fact, make your list of 21 reasons for quitting smoking and read these everyday.

6. On the day prior to your quit day, make a huge bonfire on cigarettes and take a pledge of quitting smoking.

7. You can even hold a small ceremonial occasion when you smoke that “last cigarette”. Invite friends over for a get-together or a dinner.

8. The whole idea behind these is to make this decision seem the most important of your life. Do everything you can to make it seem like one. You will probably realize of a positive change within yourself.

9. Come the day of quitting, start it on a happy or positive note. Keep yourself as away from stress as you can. Go on a small weekend holiday perhaps.

10. Then start off the challenge by setting right, slowly and steadily, all those bad habits from your lifestyle. Until now, you have not really done anything so difficult; you have only prepared yourself for the challenge.

11. In the morning itself, sit down and visualize. Imagine about the day when you become a non smoker. Think about all the advantages it will leave in your way.

12. You could probably start a deep breathing routine of five minutes and then increase the time.

13. Most smokers don’t exercise. Begin by doing so. Begin a religious work out at an expensive gym. The money you pay for the membership will keep you from leaving and after a while you will enjoy the health benefits. You can start from a half an hour program of 2 to 3 times a week and then increase it to 5 to 6 times over a few months. However, seek advice from a physician before joining one.

14. Visit the dentist and get your teeth polished. After the stain removal, you will like the way you smile! Another incentive to quit. Plan to keep your teeth this way.

15. Visit the smoking area in your club or office and search for another person who is trying to quit. Two heads are better than one and this quitting buddy will be a big help for motivation and companionship.

16. There are two common ways of quitting- one is the gradual process and the other is the “Cold Turkey” method or the abrupt way. After a few weeks of quitting, you will realize which will work best for you. Stick to one however.

17. When you are on the journey of quitting, celebrate milestones. For example, after a week, eat out. After a fortnight, go to a party. After a month, go on a vacation. Celebrate your decision with these joys as they will then work like magic. You could even celebrate your “Quitting Anniversary” with a party.

18. Avoid things which trigger your desire to smoke. Go in for alternatives to keep in your hand, like straws, artificial cigarettes, or even a hand grip.

19. Drink lots and lots of water and fluids to cleanse your system of toxic poisons and nicotine remnants in your body.

20. Plan out charts in which you may record the average cigarette intake and how many you plan to cut with each passing week. Gradually decrease the amount you smoke. Spend time on other things to keep yourself occupied.

21. Finally, don’t falter midway – finish what you started. Think of your milestones, achievements, the positive changes and many other things imparted to you after quitting smoking.

Good Luck to all those people who plan to quit smoking and bring, perhaps the most important change in their life by bidding adieu to that white stick of death.

Teen Advice Teen Life Drug & Alcohol



I’ve heard that alcohol and tobacco are as harmful, maybe even more harmful, than marijuana and some other street drugs. Why are they legal while pot and other drugs are not?

That is a question best asked of politicians and legislators. The reasons for legalizing one harmful, addictive and behavior altering substance while criminalizing another are completely based in social policy and accepted norms. These policies and norms are in turn influenced by other factors, like: medical research, social research, baseline cultural morality, perceived or real social costs and plain old politicking.

Some street drugs are genuinely more harmful, both in physical tolls and social costs, than others. But there are other illegal drugs, most notably marijuana, that walk that fine line of equally harmful yet still socially stigmatized. Activists in favor of legalizing, or at least decriminalizing marijuana, point to the many well-controlled medical studies that show marijuana to be no more, and possibly less harmful, than alcohol or tobacco. They assert that while the harm factor is basically the same, marijuana, unlike its legal counterparts, has real and documented value to people with painful critical illnesses like cancer, MS and glaucoma.

These arguments are not wrong but miss the point that we have several controlled substances that are used in medicine but that are not permitted for recreational use. This is because the medical studies only support use in ill individuals and not in otherwise healthy people. In critically ill people the harm is outweighed by the benefits, in healthy people that argument does not hold true. The popular “club drug” Vicadin, which is a legally prescribed medication, is a good example of a substance with real medical value that still has no place being used for purely recreational reasons.

This brings us back to the heart of the question, why are alcohol and tobacco deemed “OK” when they are clearly as harmful as some illegal street drugs? The answer is simple, because they are legal and because their place in our culture is firmly established and accepted as a norm, although an increasingly politically incorrect norm. For teens, this question is really moot since alcohol, tobacco and street drugs are NOT legal for use among people in this age group. There are minimum drinking ages and in North America they range from 18 – 21 depending on where you live. The same holds true for cigarettes, which are not for legal sale to minors, as defined by the laws where you live but which is usually under 19. Since even the legal substances cannot be legally used by teens there is little validity in teens using the argument that alcohol and tobacco are as harmful as street drugs to justify using such drugs.

Next Question - What is the difference between illegal, legal and decriminalized?

The difference between legal and illegal is simple; if something is legal it is permitted under law, if it is illegal, it is not. The line between legal and decriminalized is not so clear-cut. To understand the difference we look to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition of each of the three words.

Legal:
“conforming to or permitted by law or established rules”

Illegal:
“not according to or authorized by law”

Decriminalize:
“to remove or reduce the criminal classification or status of; especially : to repeal a strict ban on while keeping under some form of regulation”

According to these definitions, if something is legal it is permitted with few or no restrictions, if it is illegal it is not permitted, and if it is decriminalized it is permitted with tight regulations and/or restrictions that must be obeyed or it will be viewed as illegal.

Why is it OK for my parents to smoke and drink but not for me, isn’t that hypocritical?

This is a simple question to answer. It is OK for your parents to use alcohol and tobacco because the law says it is OK. If the law ever changed to allow teens to legally use these substances than it would technically be OK for them as well. This is currently NOT the case. For this reason, and this reason alone, your parents are not acting hypocritically when they tell you not to drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes even if they do these things themselves. What may be a bit hypocritical is them telling you not to do these things for health reasons when they do them, but this is likely a matter of parents hoping you will learn from their mistakes more than a matter of a parental “do as I say, not as I do” attitude.

It is important that teens learn to respect the law and the system we have for changing laws that are unjust or wrong. A healthy respect for the law and the legislative system is a lesson that should not be brushed aside with a “my parents do it so why can’t I” dismissive attitude. If you do not like the laws, work to change them, but ignoring them just so you can get high is a sign of the very immaturity that caused legislatures to enact age limits on alcohol and tobacco use to begin with.

When a law is truly unfair, when it does more harm than good, working to change it is noble but in the case of alcohol, tobacco and even drug use there is little noble in the argument “I like to get high because it feels neato and it isn’t fair to limit my freedom to do so.” Drug and substance control laws are not your typical discriminatory laws that need to be changed and therefore, should be respected.

Alcohol, tobacco and street drugs cost millions every year in healthcare costs, criminal costs and social costs. As our awareness of the real harm of these substances grows the personal freedom argument becomes weaker and weaker. For now, it is more important that you respect the laws on alcohol and tobacco rather than obsess over how unfair it is that parents can drink and smoke while teens cannot. It is a waste of your energy to make an issue of laws that stop you from harming yourself, and potentially harming others. The law feels that teens lack the maturity to handle these harmful substances responsibly and ignoring those laws only validates that stand.

Next Question - Why do so many youth groups and teen web sites warn against the evils of street drugs while ignoring the obvious dangers of legal substances like alcohol and cigarettes?

Why do so many youth groups and teen web sites warn against the evils of street drugs while ignoring the obvious dangers of legal substances like alcohol and cigarettes?

This is not really true. Most web sites and activist groups warn against the harmful effects of all behavior altering substances, be they legal or not. The focus may appear greater on illegal substances because while the harmful effects of alcohol and tobacco are widely established, the harmful effects of street drugs are fraught with inconsistencies and innuendos. This is mostly because of the ethics issue in studying people who use illegal drugs not because these drugs are less harmful than alcohol or tobacco.

It is much harder to control a study on the use of illegal drugs than it is to control one on legal substances. For example a study on the use of alcohol can be controlled with informed consent, age restrictions on participants, validation of the study subject and tight manipulation of confounding variables. Most importantly you can control the potency and/or dosage of the alcohol used in the study. This is not true for street drugs.

Even if such a controlled study on street drugs were ethically possible (which it is not in North America), it would still be easily dismissed in practice since there is no regulation of street drugs. This means that while studies can set out guidelines for per ounce effects of certain concentrations of alcohol and these can then be applied in practice, the uncertainty surrounding the potency of street drugs makes this impossible. With street drugs the potency of a drug can vary greatly even if you get it from the same source and call it by the same name. There is no regulation and therefore no practical way to apply any studies.

Studies on harmful effects of street drugs have had to rely on things like self-regulation by subjects, self-reporting of confounding variables, and doses that are not standardized or the same across subjects. These studies are almost always incidental, where a group of existing users volunteers and is then monitored by way of questionnaires and sometimes medical tests. These studies rely heavily on the truthfulness of the subjects and are vulnerable to honest under-reporting of use by subjects who underestimate how much they have used or who are unable to accurately assess the potency of the substances they have used. The results of such studies are normally correlational which leaves them wide open to interpretation and attack by those groups that do not like the results. So the reason so many sites seem to focus on the harmful effects of illegal substances may simply be a matter or exposure to established facts.

In everyday life, on the evening news and in current events classes, teens may discuss the harmful effects of legal substance and may trust that these effects are based in facts. These discussions are less likely of illegal substances, and when illegal substances they are discussed the lack of controlled studies leaves the door wide open to selective interpretation, misinterpretation and blatant dismissal of harmful effects. If teens are warned against street drugs more often than legal substances it is likely because of the inconsistency of the information you may hear about them and the lack of agreement on the facts by pro- and anti- factions.

Even people who smoke cigarettes are quick to acknowledge that they are harmful; this is less true of people who smoke marijuana. Pro-marijuana activists often state that marijuana is less harmful to the lungs than tobacco even thought the most dangerous substances exist in both and they are both inhaled. This is typical of the problem; street drugs are still surrounded in mythology while the legal ones are not as quickly defended as “safe” or “safer”, even by regular users.

Next Question - What is meant by “gateway drugs” and why do some people say that the idea of “gateway drugs” is a myth?

What is meant by “gateway drugs” and why do some people say that the idea of “gateway drugs” is a myth?

The term “gateway drug” is often applied to drugs like marijuana, alcohol, and even tobacco. The belief is that early use of these drugs, mainly by teens and young adults, increases the likelihood that they will start using harder drugs like heroin, cocaine and club drugs later in life. This is an assertion that has been well studied and that is hotly contested by many special interest groups. While the mechanism of the “gateway drug” phenomenon is not understood there are well-documented correlations between early use of light intoxicants and later use of hard drugs. Where the studies tend to fall apart is in the certainty factor -- this is the assertion that all or most people who try “gateway drugs” later move on to harder substances.

All studies have confirmed a link between early use of so-called “gateway drugs” and later use of harder drugs. All studies! There are no studies in existance where ZERO hard drug users report starting out with the hard drugs, they all report first trying light drugs. Where the debate comes in to play is in the number of light users who later turn to hard drugs and the other factors in the lives of those individuals that may make them turn to these drugs. The million dollar question is -– did these people try hard drugs because of their experiences with light drugs or was there some other factor in their lives that led them to escalate their need to get high, a factor totally unrelated to their first experiences with lighter drugs (known in studies as “confounding variables”). The answer hear is unclear and this is what clouds up the “gateway drug” theory.

The reality is very few people first jump into drug use with the heavy ones. In experimentation most people are careful preferring to try out less harmful drugs before trying harder ones. This is why there are such consistent correlations between first use of lighter drugs and later use of hard drugs. On an important note: it is not true that most people who try lighter drugs will later use hard drugs, but it is true that most people who do hard drugs report first using the lighter ones. The answer seems to be that in people predisposed to escapism through drugs the early use of light drugs can lead to heavy drug use. This is likely to be the result of the diminished effect of the lighter drugs over time in helping them hide from their world more than any addictive quality of the drugs themselves. In people without any other issues that drugs help mask, the likelihood of light drug use leading to hard drug use is unclear and mostly circumstantial.

Are there “gateway drugs”, yes absolutely, the attitude that makes you think it is OK to try an illegal or controlled substance for recreational reasons also makes it easier for you to escalate that behavior to include harder drugs. What makes them “gateway drugs” varies between individuals with certain people being very vulnerable to the phenomenon and others demonstrating no effect at all. It is too simple to call a certain drug a “gateway drug”, the other factors in the life and personality of the individual in question play an essential role. In short, for some people lighter drugs are “gateways” to harder drugs and in others they are not. It is all a matter of why you tried drugs to begin with and what role those drugs play in your life that determines your vulnerability to the “gateway” phenomenon.

Next Question - What are the KNOWN harmful health effects of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana?

What are the KNOWN harmful health effects of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana?

Aside from the obvious “buzz” or intoxication provided by these substances (and the related conditions such as slurred speech, impaired judgment, decreased reflexes and lowered inhibitions) the known HEALTH effects are as follows:

Cigarettes:

* Chronic bad breath
* Yellowing of teeth
* Yellowing of fingers
* Early wrinkling around mouth and eyes
* Dulling of complexion
* Dulling of tastebuds
* Bad smelling hair, clothes and body
* Lowered immune system; greater vulnerability to common ailments like colds, flus and other viruses
* Increased risk of developing cataracts, glaucoma and other eye diseases
* Increased risk for hearing loss (possibly relating to blood flow problems)
* Increased risk of heart attack, stroke and cancer
* 50%+ greater increase in lung cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer and mouth cancer
* Double the risk of contracting a deadly form of adult leukemia in later life
* Double the risk of contracting adult onset diabetes (in part related to the higher rate of obesity among smokers)
* In women, a greater risk of developing cervical and breast cancer
* 70%+ greater risk of developing emphysema, bronchitis and/or environmental asthma
* Increased risk of complications during pregnancy and with conception in women
* Decreased sperm count, greater number of deviated sperm and higher risk of impotence in men
* Increased risk of birth defects when used during pregnancy
* Significantly decreased cardiovascular fitness
* Decrease in volume of oxygen in blood (making the heart work harder)
* Increase risk of obesity later in life
* Decreased quality of life as one gets older
* Increased likelihood of need for oxygen tank and/or wheelchair
* Increase risk of early death – half of all smokers die from smoking related causes that would not have otherwise killed them
* Addiction

Alcohol:

* Bad breath
* Rotting teeth and cavities
* Dulling of complexion
* Memory loss and increased risk for blackouts
* High levels of alcohol in blood can decrease nutrient distribution and in very high proportions can result in death
* Binge drinking can result in respiratory strain, failure and even related death
* Lowered immune system; greater vulnerability to common ailments like colds, flus and other viruses
* Increased risk for violent or self destructive behavior including suicide
* Increased risk of long-term central nervous system damage
* With heavy use; impotence and loss of libido
* With heavy use; increased risk for esophagitis and pancreatisis
* Increased risk for hepatitis
* Increased risk of birth defects when used during pregnancy
* With long-term use; increased risk of liver disease, heart disease, peptic ulcers, certain types of cancer, complicated pregnancies, birth defects, and brain damage
* Overdose and overdose related death
* Addiction

Marijuana:

* Most of the same effects as listed for cigaretters, specifically those relating to physical appearance, immune system, respiratoty illness, cancer and birth defects -- marijuana contains many of the same toxins as cigarettes, a higher tar concentration (normally 4-5 times higher) making it likely to result in very similar ailments as cigarette smoking
* Weight gain (likely related to “the munchies”)
* Lowered immune system; greater vulnerability to common ailments like colds, flus and other viruses and serious illnesses like cancers, communicable diseases, pneumonias, and super-bugs
* Increased risk of heart attack, stroke and cancer
* Increased risk of birth defects when used during pregnancy
* Increased risk for mental disorders like acute toxic psychosis, panic attacks, flashbacks, delusions, depersonalization, hallucinations, paranoia, depression, and uncontrollable aggressiveness
* In predisposed individuals, can trigger bipolar and schizophrenic episodes

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